American Pale Ale (Extract Brew)

Equipment Required

• Brew kettle (5+ gallon)
• Fermenting bucket or carboy (6.5 gallon) with airlock
• Sanitizer (Star San or similar — sanitization is the #1 rule of brewing)
• Auto-siphon and tubing
• Hydrometer (for measuring gravity/alcohol)
• Thermometer
• Bottling bucket, bottles, caps, and capper (or a kegging system)
• Large stirring spoon

Ingredients

• 6 lbs light liquid malt extract (LME)
• 1 lb crystal 40L malt (steeping grain)
• 1 oz Cascade hops (60-minute bittering addition)
• 1 oz Cascade hops (15-minute flavor addition)
• 1 oz Cascade hops (flameout / 0-minute aroma addition)
• 1 packet Safale US-05 dry ale yeast
• 5 oz priming sugar (for bottling)
• 5 gallons filtered water
• Sanitizer (Star San or similar no-rinse)

Method

1. Sanitize everything. Fill a bucket with sanitizer solution and submerge all equipment that will touch your beer post-boil — fermenter, airlock, spoon, thermometer, funnel. Sanitization is the single most important step in brewing. One stray bacterium can turn five gallons of beer into five gallons of vinegar. This is not optional.

2. Steep the grains. Heat 2.5 gallons of water to 155°F (68°C). Place the crushed crystal malt in a muslin bag and steep for 20 minutes, keeping the temperature between 150–160°F. Think of this as making tea — you are extracting color, flavor, and body from the specialty grain. Remove the bag and let it drip; do not squeeze it, as that extracts harsh tannins.

3. Add extract and bring to a boil. Remove the pot from heat, then stir in all 6 lbs of liquid malt extract until fully dissolved. Return to heat and bring to a rolling boil. Watch carefully for boil-overs — the proteins in the wort will foam aggressively in the first few minutes. This is your 60-minute boil clock starting now.

4. Hop additions. Add 1 oz Cascade at 60 minutes remaining (bittering — these hops boil the longest and contribute IBUs, roughly 35–40 for this recipe). Add 1 oz Cascade at 15 minutes remaining (flavor). Add the final 1 oz Cascade at flameout / 0 minutes (aroma). Each addition serves a different purpose: longer boil = more bitterness, shorter boil = more aroma and flavor.

5. Cool the wort rapidly. Place the pot in an ice bath or use a wort chiller to bring the temperature below 70°F (21°C) as quickly as possible. Rapid cooling reduces the risk of contamination and helps proteins coagulate for clearer beer. Target 65–68°F for pitching.

6. Transfer and pitch yeast. Pour the cooled wort into your sanitized fermenter, top up to 5 gallons with cold filtered water, and aerate by shaking vigorously for 2 minutes. Sprinkle the dry yeast on top. Seal with an airlock. Your target Original Gravity (OG) should be around 1.050–1.054.

7. Ferment. Place the fermenter in a dark spot at 64–68°F for 10–14 days. You should see airlock activity within 24 hours — that is CO2 escaping as yeast converts sugar to alcohol. After 2 weeks, take a gravity reading on consecutive days. When the Final Gravity (FG) stabilizes around 1.010–1.014, fermentation is complete.

8. Bottle. Dissolve 5 oz priming sugar in 2 cups of boiling water, cool, and gently stir into the beer. Fill sanitized bottles, cap them, and store at room temperature for 2 weeks. The residual yeast will consume the priming sugar and carbonate the beer naturally. Chill, pour, and enjoy your first homebrew.

What You're Practicing

This recipe is a complete introduction to the brewing process. You are learning sanitization discipline — the foundation of all fermentation work (see Fermentation Science for the underlying biology). You are practicing temperature control during steeping and fermentation, which directly affects flavor. The hop schedule teaches you how alpha acids isomerize during boiling to create bitterness (measured in IBUs), while late additions preserve volatile aromatic oils. Gravity readings (OG and FG) let you calculate alcohol by volume: ABV = (OG − FG) × 131.25. For this beer, expect roughly 5.0–5.5% ABV. Bottle conditioning introduces you to secondary fermentation — the same yeast that made your beer now carbonates it. Every concept here scales to all-grain brewing and beyond.